Electrons, Photons, and Qubits: How Computing Is Evolving Toward Hybrid Architectures
Introduction: The End of Single-Paradigm Computing For most of its history, computing has progressed by leaning heavily on a single dominant physical paradigm at any given time. Early machines relied on mechanical motion, which gave way to electromechanical relays, and eventually to fully electronic systems built on vacuum tubes and later transistors. Each transition […]
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